Tanja Winther

• Winther, Tanja & Sundet, Øyvind (2023). Flexibility for whom? Householder and stakeholder perspectives on justice regarding the introduction of dynamic grid tariffs in Norway. Energy Efficiency. ISSN 1570-646X. 16. doi: 10.1007/s12053-023-10153-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract This paper presents the results from a qualitative research project in Norway on a forthcoming change in electricity grid tariffs. As a form of Demand Side Management to avoid capacity constraints in the grid, the new tariff seeks to reduce consumption peaks by incentivising householders to even out electricity use and shift to nighttime. We examine the perspectives of 13 representatives from grid companies as well as 22 householders and study the process of developing the tariffs, in which the researchers took part at certain times. We draw on previous studies on experts’ perceptions of end-users, social practice theory, and energy justice, and we employ the concept of flexibility capital to examine the situation of the participating households. The findings partly confirm results from previous studies showing that experts may have a simplistic view of end-users and by observing an unequal distribution of flexibility capital across the studied households. However, the study contributes to the field by observing a link between householders’ sentiments towards the new tariff and their respective levels of affluence and flexibility capital. Then, we explicitly address justice perspectives related to the tariff’s introduction as perceived by grid companies and householders and find that both groups voice a need to acknowledge the situation of different kinds of end-users. We discuss the results from an energy justice perspective and observe that details in the design of a DSM mechanism may dampen its negative effects.

• Campbell, Kirsten & Winther, Tanja (2023). New energy transitions, old problems: the challenge of achieving a just electrification with a gendered face, Handbook of International Development and the Environment. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781800883772. p. 231–249. doi: 10.4337/9781800883789.00024. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Searching for variation and complexity. In Podjed, Dan; Gorup, Meta; Borecky, Pavel & Montero, Carla Guerrón (Ed.), Why the world needs anthropologists. Routledge. ISSN 9781350147133. p. 85–98. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this chapter Winther reflects on the role anthropologists can play in research for socially sustainable development. Using concrete examples from her own energy research, she reflects on the merits – and challenges – related to interdisciplinary work. The merits of combining different disciplines are relatively obvious within applied research, where the knowledge production is supposed to lead to practical solutions. However, anthropology and ethnography is explorative in nature and suited to understand the complexity of human living in a non-normative way. Winther provides examples from her own research and personal journey when reflecting on these tensions. To make themselves relevant to policy without becoming methodologically normative, she argues that anthropologists could take a leading role in formulating questions for interdisciplinary research.

• Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Sæle, Hanne; Westskog, Hege & Winther, Tanja (2020). The dynamics of solar prosuming: Exploring interconnections between actor groups in Norway. Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 70, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101816. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Solar prosuming is an emerging phenomenon in which many actor groups are involved in shaping new solutions. Here we study national policymakers, relevant stakeholders such as grid companies, and the prosumers themselves – and the interconnections between them – to provide a contextualised exploration of positions, perceptions and interconnections that influence prosuming activities. Our 65 in-depth interviews in Norway, 33 of which with pioneering prosumers show that this group is not attracted to prosuming primarily for financial reasons, but for pursuing particular identities. However, our results also indicate that if prosuming were to become more widespread, economic considerations would be central. Further, the interplay among actor groups, mediated through current regulations and technologies, and the related perceptions, affect the uptake and organisation of solar prosuming activities. Third-party market actors such as the solar and building industry play important roles, as do grid companies and municipalities that are expected to facilitate prosuming activities. Given the current policy framework in Norway, we conclude that if increasing prosuming activities becomes a desired political goal, this will require stronger financial incentives for individual prosumers, and a deeper understanding of the interplay among actors across arenas and sectors.

• Winther, Tanja; Ulsrud, Kirsten; Matinga, Margaret; Govindan, Mini; Gill, Bigsna & Saini, Anjali [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). In the light of what we cannot see: Exploring the interconnections between gender and electricity access. Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 60(101334). doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.101334. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper we quantify gendered decision-making patterns regarding electricity access, light and appliances in selected rural contexts in Mahadevsthan (Nepal), Homa Bay (Kenya) and Chhattisgarh (India). In the literature, decision-making in electricity has primarily been studied through case studies and qualitative methods. By quantifying some of the gendered patterns in this field, we first seek to document and compare the situation in selected contexts and then to refine the understanding of the nexus between gender and electricity access. The research design was informed by the team's previous qualitative work, and we present results from a household survey conducted in 2016 and 2017. We anchor the analysis in a micro-political approach to energy, and we draw on empowerment and domestication frameworks for analyzing tenets of energy justice. The findings show that women generally had less power than men to make decisions about electricity and appliances and that women's lack of rights in electricity was mirrored in their subordinated position in the socio-material contexts. Comparing groups of women, women in Mahadevsthan, including those who were living without a man in the household, were most likely to have electricity access and acquire appliances of their choosing. Widows in Homa Bay were the least likely to have electricity access. By drawing on the wider literature, we discuss the results in terms of how women's agency and access to electricity and appliances of their choosing in the Global South may be improved.

• Matinga, Margaret N.; Gill, Bigsna & Winther, Tanja (2019). Rice Cookers, Social Media, and Unruly Women: Disentangling Electricity's Gendered Implications in Rural Nepal. Frontiers in Energy Research. 6(140). doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00140. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Rice cookers, social media, and television sets are commonly used in rural Nepal. In this paper we explore how gender norms condition the uptake of these artefacts, and the gendered implications of their uses. We draw on material from a household survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews, collected in 2017 in Dhading and Tanahun districts in rural Nepal. The results show that each of the three artefacts initiate distinct, gendered dynamics in terms of uptake, uses and effects. Women’s use of electric rice cookers aligns with their gendered identity as cooks, helping them improve their gendered work and do not trigger resistance from men. In contrast, the use of mobile phones, social media and television, prompt complex gender outcomes, resistances, and negotiations. Young people use social media to initiate self-negotiated marriages, shunning arranged marriages thus increasing their agency. It was reported that these self-negotiated marriages tend to be earlier (ages 12-14) than before, as young girls drop out of school to marry their chosen partners, thus threatening their empowerment. Access to television and internet has increased awareness about family planning methods, but persistent gender hierarchies hinder women from freely deciding on and accessing these methods. Women and youth pursuing new opportunities that challenge gender norms are sometimes labelled as unfaithful and unruly by others in the villages. The paper highlights the need to understand subversive responses to social and cultural changes mediated by electricity so that policy and practice can support the desired social transformations.

• Winther, Tanja; Westskog, Hege & Sæle, Hanne (2018). Like having an electric car on the roof: Domesticating PV solar panels in Norway. Energy for Sustainable Development. ISSN 0973-0826. 47, p. 84–93. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2018.09.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Worldwide, the number of electricity end-users who produce electricity and feed it to the grid, denoted ‘prosumers’, is increasing. Following innovations in policy, technology (e.g. inverters, smart meters), tariffing and subsidy schemes, solar panels (PV – photovoltaic) connected to the grid have entered the electricity systems in many countries such as the UK and Germany. Norway is an exceptional case in several ways. Because electricity production is mainly based on hydropower, PV does not form a significant part of the government’s vision of the country’s future electricity mix. As a result, governance is limited to prosumer regulations that make it possible to become prosumers in a relatively simple way, but do not actively encourage growth in this market, which is mainly demand driven and only slowly increasing. Norway also has a rapid uptake of electric vehicles at present, potentially influencing the way electricity is managed by households. In this context of pioneering prosumer activities in Norway, this study draws on material from 29 in-depth interviews with prosumers located across the country. The objective is to examine people’s rationales for investing in solar power and how they use this technology to signal identity. We draw on consumption and domestication theory as well as practice-oriented approaches to energy use. The results show that at present there are three groups of prosumers in Norway who have followed distinct domestication paths. We denote the groups as individual prosumers (who have taken the initiative to install solar PV), ‘smart house' dwellers and ecovillagers, respectively. All three share an emphasis on self-consumption in terms of maximising electricity use in periods with sunshine. They also make use of solar technology to signal identity (conversion). However, the groups’ styles of prosuming differ. In terms of incorporating the technology in daily life, the individual prosumers closely follow their own production and engage more actively with the monitoring equipment than the two other groups. As to their underlying values and motivations for prosuming, the individual prosumers, who are largely men, emphasise their interest in testing the new technology. The smart house dwellers associate their type of housing with a high level of comfort and consider the PV to signal a modern way of living. The ecovillagers are primarily concerned with environmentally friendly living. The materiality and physical position of the solar panels on the roofs partly help to create social significance, but only because the dwellers and their observers associate the object with particular values. Each of our three groups draws a particular meaning from PV that serves to strengthen their desired identity. The results indicate that PV may have the potential to spread to a variety of energy customer groups in Norway. However, the issue of diffusion is uncertain, partly because the studied groups are pioneers and do not necessarily represent a general segment of the population. Also, the studied prosumers tend to downplay economic profitability as a rationale for obtaining PV, and Norwegian authorities do not actively promote PV through support schemes.

• Standal, Karina; Winther, Tanja & Danielsen, Katrine (2018). Energy Politics and Gender. In Hancock, Kathleen & Allison, Juliann (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190861360. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190861360.013.6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Policy makers and scholars often assume gender to be irrelevant in energy politics. However, an increasing body of scholarship and development policies has focused on how gender discrimination has negative effects on women’s access to energy resources and equal contributions to decision-making processes that influence energy issues. This article evaluates four overarching and salient policy and research discourses that frame women’s and men’s positions in benefiting from and participating in decision-making about energy. First, energy has mainly been perceived as gender neutral, ignoring gendered outcomes of energy policies. Second, women have been presented as victims of energy poverty in the global South to instigate donors and action. Third, women’s empowerment in the global South has been presented as instrumental to increasing productivity and economic growth through access to modern sources and uses of energy. These discourses have produced narratives that provide limited imaginaries of women’s agency and relevance to the politics of energy in their lives. The fourth and less familiar discourse has presented women as rights holders of basic services, including access to modern and sustainable energy. This last discourse has provided a tool for examining the deeper unequal structures, as well as holding stakeholders in supply accountable for reproducing gender equality, needed to understand and produce relevant and socially just knowledge.

• Winther, Tanja & Bell, Sandra (2018). Domesticating In Home Displays in selected British and Norwegian households. Science & Technology Studies. 31(2), p. 19–38. doi: 10.23987/sts.56791. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The paper uses qualitative data from Norway and the United Kingdom to understand the New technology of In Home Display monitors as a material object loaded with meaning and norms that may affect social practices and relations. The displays are designed to encourage householders to reduce electricity consumption. In contrast to technologies associated with ‘smart meters’, the monitors under study cannot be used for controlling or automatising various types of electricity consumption, but these devises nonetheless often form part of ‘smart grid solutions’. A large part of the research in this area has attempted to quantify the impact of displays, and qualitative research focusing on the users has also mainly sought to explain why - or why not – the introduction of displays has resulted in reduced household consumption. This paper follows a more open approach to the introduction and impact of displays by paying attention to the existing routines and social practices into which the display enters and potentially becomes integrated and domesticated. We examine to what extent ideas and norms inscribed in the display continue to have a bearing on the household moral economy and internal dynamics as the objects are negotiated and taken in use in British and Norwegian homes. Drawing on earlier studies that have sought to combine practice and domestication theory for understanding displays, the study’s novelty lies in its focus on the materiality of displays and social implications thereof, and its analysis of the social status of this object in two diff erent contexts.

• Winther, Tanja; Ulsrud, Kirsten & Saini, Anjali (2018). Solar powered electricity access: Implications for women’s empowerment in rural Kenya. Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 44, p. 61–74. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2018.04.017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper examines the gendered implications of various types of electricity access in rural Kenya spanning from the central grid to solar-based systems such as community projects, village scale supply and private solar home systems (SHS). Drawing on material collected in Homa Bay and Kitui counties in 2016, the paper examines the gendered setup, organisation and effects of solarpowered electricity access as compared with the central grid. The paper employs a framework for analysing women’s empowerment through electrification, which draws on Kabeer, Friedman as well as anthropology, socio-technical system theory and practice theory. The results show that people tend to cherish solar-based solutions whereas the grid is perceived to be costly, unreliable and unavailable. As to the gendered organisation of supply, men dominate within the grid, mini-grids and private suppliers, leaving an important potential for women’s empowerment untapped. Two community projects included women’s ‘hands-on’ participation and spurred local discourses about women’s capabilities. Access is also gendered on the user side. Because men tend to own the houses, have a higher income and a moral right to make major decisions, fixed connections and high subscription fees provide women with less agency than what is the case in decentralised systems of supply.

• Westskog, Hege; Winther, Tanja & Aasen, Marianne (2018). The creation of an ecovillage: Handling identities in a Norwegian sustainable valley. Sustainability. 10(6). doi: 10.3390/su10062074. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents a qualitative study of Hurdal Ecovillage in Norway. It explores how the actors involved have interacted over time and contributed to shaping the ecovillage. The study demonstrates that the ecovillage as a concept is continuously refined both internally on an individual level and in the village, and in mainstream society. At stake is the question of ecovillage identity and what this should entail. The interviewed ecovillagers report two main motives for deciding to move to the village. One is to become part of the ecovillage community, while the other is grounded in the ecovillage as a means to achieve sustainability rather than as a goal in itself. Hurdal Ecovillage has undergone two distinct development phases. First, the members jointly owned the land, built their own houses, and attempted to be self-sufficient. The ecovillage was largely isolated from the local community. In the second phase, professional actors took over responsibility for developing the village, offering ready-made houses to be owned by individual families. This shift resulted in the ecovillage appearing more like conventional settlements. Today’s ecovillagers express a wish to constitute an attractive, sustainable alternative to conventional living, but to do so they have to maintain a distance between themselves and the wider community.

• Ulsrud, Kirsten; Rohracher, Harald; Winther, Tanja; Muchunku, Charles & Palit, Debajit (2018). Pathways to electricity for all: What makes village-scale solar power successful? Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 44, p. 32–40. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2018.04.027. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article presents new empirical research on what it takes to provide enduring access to affordable, reliable and useful electricity services for all. We analyze and synthesize the long-term experiences with three different systems for village-scale solar power supply in India, Senegal and Kenya. Since this scale of electricity provision forms part of village infrastructure, it requires particular types of knowledge, policies and support mechanisms. This research therefore investigates how village-scale solar systems can be designed, implemented, sustained and replicated in ways that make them accessible and useful for the community members. Drawing on a sociotechnical and practice-oriented approach, we show that the electricity system’s degree of adaptedness to its social context affects many important qualities of the system such as the relevance of the available electricity services for the people, the system’s operational and economic sustainability and the potential for replication. Achieving such adaptation notably requires a flexible approach on the part of implementers, funders and local actors before, during and after implementation. We also show the need for institutionalization of decentralized electricity provision, discuss the current ambiguities in policies, regulations and funding mechanisms for villagescale solar power, and provide recommendations to policy makers and donors.

View all works in NVA

• Winther, Tanja; Røe, Per Gunnar & Wethal, Ulrikke Bryn (2026). FME Include. Full text in Research Archive
• Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson & Winther, Tanja (2026). Energi2050: Hvilken energifremtid kan og bør Norge velge? doi: https:/www.polyteknisk.no/program/energi2050-hvilken-energifremtid-kan-og-bor-norge-velge. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2025). Why social science energy research and what are the signs of effects? Full text in Research Archive
• Jenkins, Kirsten E.H. & Winther, Tanja (2025). The Just Energy Transition: What are “We” Doing and for Whom? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2024). Norwegian perceptions of electricity – and justice aspects of demand-side management. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2024). How can the transformation to a low carbon society become socially inclusive? Glimpses from Include . Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2024). Presentation of Include. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakken, Vebjørn; Winther, Tanja & Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson (2024). Rettferdig energiomstilling – er det mulig? [podcast]. [Internet]. https://www.uio.no/forskning/satsinger/uio-energi-og-miljo/a. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2024). Er Norges strømpolitikk for de priviligerte? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2023). Energy and social inequality. Full text in Research Archive
• Westskog, Hege; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson & Winther, Tanja (2023). Include. Om senteret og kommunenes rolle i energiomstillingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2023). Energiomstillingen - hvordan arter den seg for ulike typer mennesker? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2023). Social justice implications of strategies for sustainable energy consumption . Full text in Research Archive
• Ellingsen, Henrikke Sæthre; Normann, Susanne; Winther, Tanja & Westskog, Hege (2023). Har urfolk en plass i det grønne skiftet? Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kanskje vil Fosen-saken bidra til at vi som samfunn forstår at både natur og kultur har tålegrenser.

• Winther, Tanja (2023). Hvordan kan vi realisere et sosialt rettferdig lavutslippssamfunn - Hva trenger vi kunnskap om? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2023). Samarbeid med brukerpartnere i forskningen: Erfaringer og refleksjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2023). Hva mener nordmenn om hva som bør være grensen mellom nødvendig strømbruk og luksusforbruk? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Wider issues of social acceptance in the energy transition with learnings from cases. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Pathways to Just Transition - Authors' views. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja & Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson (2022). Myndighetene bør sikre at alle grupper har tilgang til en viss mengde rimelig strøm. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Socially inclusive transition. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Strømstøtten kunne vært mer målrettet. [Journal]. Klima (CICERO). Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). En rettferdig energiomstilling: 'Fleksible strømkunder'. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Renewable energy and public participation in the Nordics. [Internet]. YouTube. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja & Abram, Simone Almond (2022). Introduction to conference. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Bredvold, Torjus Lunder & Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson (2022). energifattigdom. Store Norske Leksikon (Nettutgaven). Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Den sosiale dimensjonen i energiomstillingen – hvorfor og hvordan? Full text in Research Archive
• Szulecki, Kacper; Aamodt, Solveig; Smith, Ida Dokk; Houeland, Camilla; Winther, Tanja & Sund-Henriksen, Kathrine (2022). Energy security: Are rich country's climate policies colonialism in green? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Off grid and decentralized energy systems in the Nordics. [Internet]. YouTube. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Hva innebærer sosialt rettferdig omstilling til lavutslippssamfunnet? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Deltakelse under workshop: bidrag til vitenskapelig rådgivning for politikkutforming. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Refleksjoner rundt kjønn i energiomstillingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). What is fair? Reflections on energy transitions and fairness from a bottom-up perspective. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Energy security: Are rich country's climate policies colonialism in green? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2022). Forbrukersperspektiver. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja & Sundet, Øyvind (2021). Folks betalingsproblemer kan øke. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Socially inclusive transitions. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokstad, Sigrid; Enger, Johanne Heen; Winther, Tanja; Olsen, Pål Erik & Sæther, Bjørnar (2021). Møte med Lillestrøm kommune, Ullensaker kommune og Viken fylkeskommune i forbindelse med prosjekt Medvirkning og sommerstudie. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Deltakelse i paneldebatt om innhold til FNs kommende utviklingsrapport. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Røe, Per Gunnar; Westskog, Hege; Smørdal, Ole & Berge, Erik (2021). Møte med Seksjon for innovasjon, samspill og instituttpolitikk, Avdeling for høyere utdanning, forskning og internasjonalt arbeid, Kunnskapsdepartementet (KD). Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Røe, Per Gunnar & Smørdal, Ole (2021). Møte med rep. fra Energi- og vassdragsavdelingen i Olje- og energidepartementet (OED). Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Hvorfor Include? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Frykter ny nettleiemodell vil føre til at flere sliter med strømregningen. [Journal]. Europower Energi. Full text in Research Archive
• Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson & Winther, Tanja (2021). - Jeg skammer meg sånn Nina (61) lever på strøm- prisens nåde. [Journal]. VG. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Møte med Lyse Kraft. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja & Røe, Per Gunnar (2021). Innspill til Oslo Science City (mars, april, mai). Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Jordhus-Lier, David Christoffer & Westskog, Hege (2021). Presentasjon av Include. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Searching for Variation and Complexity (Book Launch Interview). [Internet]. YouTube. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Synergimøte Include - COJUST/NTRANS. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Skisse til intervjuguide i fbm Ledes pilot for utprøving av ny modell for nettleie. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). The Route from Energy Transitions to Social Transitions — Where do Women Stand? [Journal]. Energy and Gender in Asia: A regional review. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Solnørdal, Mette Talseth & Nilsen, Elin Anita (2021). Include - Fellesmøte med partnere i Tromsø. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). Socially just energy transition. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson & Sundet, Øyvind (2021). Møte med Troms Kraft. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja & Røe, Per Gunnar (2021). Møte med Include-partner A-lab. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Smørdal, Ole; Westskog, Hege & Berge, Erik (2021). Møte med Include-partner Troms og Finnmark fylkeskommune. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2021). A socially just energy transition. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Westskog, Hege & Leikanger, Iris (2021). Arbeid med videreutvikling av maler for Midtveisrapportering. Full text in Research Archive
• Hultgreen, Liv Randi; Kallbekken, Steffen; Marstein, Erik Stensrud; Tomasgard, Asgeir & Winther, Tanja (2020). Krisepakker som forsterker krisen. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Equitable energy transition. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja & Smørdal, Ole (2020). Dialgmøte med Utdanningsforbundet. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Røe, Per Gunnar; Westskog, Hege & Smørdal, Ole (2020). Dialogmøte med OED om Include. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Bruk av solpaneler i Norge - resultater fra forskningen. [Internet]. Solenergiklyngens Podcast. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Kan koronapandemien gjøre energibruken vår mer bærekraftig? [Internet]. SUMs Pandemipodcast - episode 14. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Innspill til nytt Olje for utvikling, Norad. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Include - Forskningssenter for sosialt inkluderende omstilling. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Forskningssenteret Include: Det rasjonale, planer og potensielle utfordringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2020). Frokostseminar - Inkluderende energiomstilling: temaer, perspektiver og erfaringer fra tidligere forskning. Frokostseminar arrangert av Include og CIENS. Full text in Research Archive
• Holsten, Hilde; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Westskog, Hege & Winther, Tanja (2020). Hvem skaffer seg solcellepanel hjemme? [Journal]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Plusskunder er betegnelsen som brukes på dem som har et anlegg ved boligen sin som produserer strøm. Som oftest dreier det seg om solcelleanlegg. I enkelte perioder produserer gjerne anlegget mer strøm enn kunden klarer å forbruke selv. De kan dermed selge strøm tilbake på nettet. Forskerne har undersøkt forholdene i markedet for plusskunder. De har analysert faktorer som hindrer eller fremmer at flere produserer strøm til eget forbruk i Norge. Ifølge forskerne er det særlig to ting som kjennetegner de som tidlig ble plusskunder: De er opptatt av miljø og er gode på teknologi.

• Aasen, Marianne; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Standal, Karina; Sæle, Hanne; Westskog, Hege & Winther, Tanja (2020). Hvem kan jevne ut strømbruken sin? Teknisk Ukeblad. ISSN 0040-2354. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Westskog, Hege; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Røe, Per Gunnar & Smørdal, Ole (2020). Møte med 22 brukerpartnere Include. Full text in Research Archive
• Holtsmark, Katinka Kristine; Böcker, Lars & Winther, Tanja (2019). Er bilkjøring en rettighet på lik linje med god helsehjelp? Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2019). Presentasjon av INCLUDE. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2019). INCLUDE - INCLUsive Decarbonisation and Energy transition. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2019). INCLUDE - et nytt FME Samfunn: planer, mål og forskningen senteret bygger på. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2019). Establishing ‘INCLUDE’ as a transdisciplinary research centre on environmentally friendly energy in Norway: reflections on the process towards successful proposal – and some challenges ahead. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2019). Moderator during session "The role of energy and infrastructure in reaching social, environmental and economic Development". Full text in Research Archive
• Jenkins, Kirsten & Winther, Tanja (2019). Energy justice – promises and limitations of a novel concept. Full text in Research Archive
• Bridge, Gavin & Winther, Tanja (2019). Opening remarks: The role of energy and infrastructure in reaching social, environmental and economic development. Full text in Research Archive
• Holtsmark, Katinka Kristine; Böcker, Lars & Winther, Tanja (2019). Nei, vi har ikke glemt behovet for å kutte utslipp. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2018). Gender equality and Clean energy: Win-win or Conflicting goals? Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja (2018). Nettselskaper og andre aktører Oppsummering av aktørenes perspektiver og forventninger til solstrøm i det norske kraftsystemet. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Tanja; Kildal, Charlotte L & Bjerke, Lise (2018). Derfor kan strøm påvirke likestilling. Full text in Research Archive
• Standal, Karina; Aasen, Marianne; Christensen, Ingrid; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Julsrud, Tom Erik & Matthiasen, Eivind Hjort [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Forbrukerfleksibilitet: Et kunnskapsgrunnlag for å forstå husholdningers oppfatninger og muligheter. CICERO Senter for Klimaforskning. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I Norge ble en ny modell for beregning av nettleie innført 1. juli 2022. Formålet med den nye nettleien er å motivere husholdninger til å fordele strømforbruket jevnere utover døgnet. På tidspunktet hvor den nye nettleien ble planlagt innført var det liten kunnskap om virkninger av slike virkemidler på forbrukere. Flexeffect-prosjektet startet har undersøkt virkninger virkemidler for fleksibel strømbruk på forskjellige husholdningsgrupper. Resultatene viser at mange av forbrukerne forstår og er enige med formålet for ny nettleie. Samtidig gjør utformingen det vanskelig å forstå og tilpasse seg i hverdagslivet og det er konkurrerende signaler og hensyn de må ta. Videre har mange uttrykt bekymring for at den nye nettleien kan få uheldige og urettferdige fordelingsvirkninger. Våre funn viser også at det er krevende for forbrukere å ta i bruk ny teknologi for å øke forbrukerfleksibiliteten. Selv om forbrukerhensyn er nevnt i den politiske prosessen for å innføre ny nettleie er forbrukerne svakt representert i utformingen og forbrukerhensynene som inngår i konsultasjonene har en tendens til å være generelle. Dimensjoner som systembehov er blitt mer vektlagt enn forbrukerbehov og ikke minst forbrukeres evne til tilpasning.

• Vindegg, Mikkel; Sundet, Øyvind & Winther, Tanja (2023). Strømkunders oppfatninger om ny nettleiemodell: rettferdighet og fleksibilitet. CICERO Senter for Klimaforskning. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Rapporten oppsummerer funn fra kvalitative undersøkelser knyttet til kunders oppfatninger om ny nettleiemodell for strøm i Norge. Samlet viser resultatene at mange av kundene har en viss grad av bekymring for at den nye nettleien kan få uheldige og urettferdige fordelingsvirkninger. Kundene tar hensyn til faktorer (f.eks. husholdningssammensetning) som ligger utenfor nettselskapenes nåværende mandat å inkludere i tariffberegninger. Kundenes uttrykte bekymringer taler for gradvise endringer i nettariffer framover, framfor omfattende endringer som vil kunne gi store utslag som mange vil oppfatte som urimelige.

• Belsnes, Michael Martin; Bjørndal, Mette; Elverhøi, Anders; Espegren, Kari Aamodt; Fæhn, Taran & Jaehnert, Stefan [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Energikrisen i Europa og det norske kraftmarkedet. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dette notatet oppsummerer en serie workshoper som ble organisert våren 2022 av FME-sentrene NTRANS, CINELDI, ZEN, HighEFF, Include, NorthWind og HydroCEN, sammen med NTVA og DNVA. Ved noen workshoper ble flere partnere invitert inn på arrangørsiden. Bakgrunnen for workshopene var en lengre periode med svært høye energipriser i Europa, som forplantet seg til høye strømpriser i Norge og store prisforskjeller mellom regioner. Målet med seminarserien var å diskutere og systematisere det tverrfaglige faktaunderlaget som forskningsmiljøene har utviklet innenfor tematikken. Med tanke på tidsperspektivet så vi at dette kunne gjøres som en serie seminarer/workshops med avgrenset tematikk. Konklusjonene oppsummeres i denne rapporten, som trekker sammen læring og syntese på tvers av workshopene

• Winther, Tanja; Saini, Anjali; Ulsrud, Kirsten; Govindan, Mini; Gill, Bigsna & Matinga, Margaret N. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Women’s empowerment and electricity access: How do grid and off-grid systems enhance or restrict gender equality. ENERGIA International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  RA1 Research report

• Westskog, Hege; Inderberg, Tor Håkon Jackson; Sæle, Hanne & Winther, Tanja (2018). Strøm fra folket? Drivkrefter og barrierer. CICERO Senter for Klimaforskning. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Prosjektet har hatt som målsetting å identifisere drivkrefter for og barrierer mot at norske husholdningskunder blir plusskunder. Vi har sett på hvorfor noen husholdninger i Norge velger å bli plusskunder, hvilke erfaringer de har, hvordan de bruker energi hjemme og hvordan de oppfatter plusskundeordningen og løsninger som tilbys av sentrale aktører. I tillegg har vi vurdert hvordan et økende antall plusskunder oppfattes og håndteres av sentrale aktører. Funnene fra den norske studien er analysert i lys av utviklingen i Storbritannia og Tyskland for å gi perspektiver på hvordan nasjonal politikk, reguleringer og praksis kan utformes i forhold til det norske markedet for plusskunder. Våre studier viser at: - Dersom det er ønskelig å øke antall plusskunder, er det viktig med et stabilt, generøst, risikoreduserende, forutsigbart og enkelt støttesystem. De mest effektive støttesystemene som dekker disse kravene har vært såkalte Feed-in-Tariffs (FIT). De knytter et forutsigbart støttenivå og enkle byråkratiske prosedyrer til mengden elektrisitet produsert av plusskundene. - Å redusere transaksjonskostnadene er viktig for økningen av antall plusskunder. Betydningen av reduksjon av transaksjonskostnader er tydelig illustrert gjennom de lokale støtteordningene som er utprøvd i Norge. - Sentrale aktører har ulike innfallsvinkler til betydning av plusskunder i energisystemet og ønske om å tilrettelegge for disse kundene. Nettselskapene uttrykker at de ikke ønsker å bremse utviklingen i solcelleteknologi. De har likevel ikke hatt en aktiv markedsføring av solcelleanlegg eller opplegg for å knytte seg til nettet som plusskunde. Norges Vassdrags- og Energidirektorat (NVE) har liknende perspektiver, og ser der som sin hovedrolle å arbeide med etablerte (vannkraftbaserte) teknologier og regulatoriske løsninger for disse. De gode forholdene for solenergiproduksjon og behovet for miljømessig bærekraft får interesseorganisasjoner og aktører som fremmer solenergi i Norge til å konkludere at det er viktig å stimulere til økt bruk av solceller i Norge, også gjennom aktiv bruk av støtteordninger. - Generelt i den norske befolkningen oppfattes solceller som en dyr investering og mange har ikke særlig kjennskap til solcelleteknologien. I gjennomsnitt oppga husholdningene som deltok i en representativ spørreundersøkelse om solceller, at de var villige til å betale 9.180 kr for installasjon av et solcelleanlegg. - Motivasjon for å investere i solcelleanlegg blant våre plusskundeinformanter er tredelt. Mange oppgir miljø som en viktig motivasjonsfaktor, andre sier de er interessert i teknologi og ser installasjon av solceller som en mulighet til å dyrke denne interessen. Mange av våre informanter som har flyttet inn i hus utstyrt med solceller uten selv aktivt å ha investert i disse, oppgir komfort som en viktig faktor for husvalget sitt. De ønsker å bo i hus hvor de kan leve komfortable liv uten å tenke mye på strømforbruket. - Ingen av våre informanter påpeker en direkte sammenheng mellom det å få solceller og deres samlede energibruk. Når det gjelder energivaner, påpeker de fleste av informantene at de utnytter muligheten for å flytte forbruket sitt til tidspunkter når solcellene produserer strøm. Videre er solceller en viktig faktor for identitetsbygging. Variasjonen i hva som vektlegges samsvarer med deres motivasjon for å anskaffe solceller/flytte inn i hus med solceller. Studiene våre peker på at veksten i plusskunder i det norske markedet i første rekke vil kunne komme som et resultat av markedskrefter hvor husholdningenes egen motivasjon for å skaffe seg solceller er sentralt sammen med videre teknologisk utvikling av solceller. Husholdningenes egen motivasjon for å skaffe seg solceller kan være betydelig og kan bidra til en vesentlig vekst i dette markedet i årene som kommer. Dette skyldes at solceller er interessant for forskjellige kundegrupper...

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